Metal-scouring and ungreasing device



Filed Sept. 14 1920 5 SheetS-Shealz l i QQ l l@ NL HILL v un w: o l l l'NE I@ fi l LA? w /%zx%]/er .//imeJ Apr. 317 i923.

M. HELLER METAL SCOURING AND UNGREASING DEVICE 55 Filed Sept. 14 1920 5Shfszeis-r-Shesai'l 2 atente@ Apr.. l?, i923.

ttttl KELLER, F BERLIN-Olii BLQENBUIM "It METAL-SCOURING AND UNGREASING1D Application led September 14, 1920. Serial Ito. ew.

(earn man rm raovrsrons or 'ma acr or manen a, rear, er naar. n., reta):

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAX HnLmR, manufacturer, a citizenof'Czechoslovakia, and residing at Berlin-Charlottenburg, Kantstr.

5 122, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in orRelating to Metal Scourin and Ungreasing Devices, for which I have ledapphcation 1n Germany, Sept. 12, 1919, Serial No. H. 78,323, Patent No.345,720, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to a metal-scouring and ungreasing device. Inaccordance withl my invention the parts to be scoured are treated, -.ina closed scouring-tank or the like withfhot liquids suchA astrichlorethylen (C2 C18) benzine, benzol, tetrachloride of carbon (CCL)etc. The scouring liquid is conducted from a collector into thescouring- 2 0 tank and is again drawn off after the scouring operationhas been finished. Now, in order to secure a thorough drying of thearticles so scoured, and in order to prevent an escape and therewith aloss of the vapours developed when heating the scouring-liquid onopening the scouring-tank for the purpose of taking out the articlesscoured, the said scouring-tank is provided with a cooling-deviceadapted to cool the said tank or a part, preferably the bottom fthereof, after the scouring operation has terminated. The result of thisarrangement will be that any vapours which may happen y to be stillpresent in the tank will settle on the part 0f the tank cooled, whileany moisture still existing on the scoured articles will evaporate forthe reason that these articles, being still hot, will possess a highertemperature than the part of the tank yvhich has 'been cooled, so thatthe vapours developed in consequence will likewise deposit themselves 0nthe said part in the form of a liquid. It will be noted that byproceeding in this manner, the loss of liquid will be rer duced to aminimum and that more-over the articles when taken out'of the tank willbe perfectly dry. The scouring liquid, t which in the course of itsapplication has been saturated with fats and mechanical impurities, maybe recovered in a state of entire purlty by means of distillation, whilethe fatty impure matters constitute the residlilies remaining behind vinthe alembic er sti The washing tanks are preferably separated into twoparts by means of a partition,

the upper part servlng to accommodate the articles to be scoured, whilethe lower art is destined to secure a good running 0 of thescouring-liquid from the articles scoured, as also to receive thevapours which will settle across the whole area o'f the cooled bottom.'llhe heating of the scouring-liquid may be e'ected by the directheating ofthe scouring-tank. In order to avoid, however, the posslbilityof the scouring-liquid being overheated and consequently, the boilingover thereof, and furthermore to enable the bottom of the scouring-tankto be quickl cooled after the scouring-liquid has run of?, it will befound more practiceable to heat the collector instead of the scourin-tank. rll`his will result in the scouring-liqui already heated up tothe required de when it is being introduced from the co ector into thescouring-tank.

An additional feature of my invention resides in the fact that thescouring-liquid is arranged to continuously flow into the scouring-tank,so that the quantity of liquid cooling off on the metal to be scoured isimmediately replaced by a fresh, hot supply. For the purpose, moreover,0f keeping the liquid in constant circulation, it is introduced lnto thetank in a tangential direction.

In the event ofthe articles to be scoured being not only oily or greasy,but being also covered with dust, in particular such resulting fromgrinding, then obviously a simple washing of said articles in the liquidwill frequently not effect a satisfactory cleaning thereof. In suchcases, it will be found expedient in accordance with this invention tomovably arrange the interiorparts of the scouring-tank, namely thesieves or frames containing the articles to be secured, and

being 'lov this in such wise that they may be put in rol tation eitherby hand or by mechanical means relatively to the scouring-liquid; thecurrent thus provoked is sufficient to reliably 'remove even dustparticles adhering tothe metal surfaces.

The scouringy and ungreasing of hollow bodies, such Aas coee-cans,tea-pots, and the like, generally proves very dificult, for the reasonthat the said articles can never beso disposed along the bottom of thedevlce that when the scouring-liquid is introduced into the tank it willcompletely fill the said articles, and that the scouring-liquid does notentirely run out a ain therefrom when it is being discharged. t is anadditional ob- 'ect of my invention to obviate this drawack by theprovision of an air-vent plpe adapted to establish a communlcatlonbetween the interior of the hollow vessel to be scoured and the air ofthe atmosphere outside the scouring-tank or also present above thescouring-liquid while this latter is bemg introduced into said tank.

A further means to secure a satisfactory cleansing of such said hollowbodies consists in the bottoms on which these bodies are placed in thetank being so arranged as to allow of their being rocked, whereby thehollow articles contained thereon may be so turned after the scouringoperation has been terminated that all the scouring-liquid will come toflow out. In this connection the said bottoms are so arranged thatduring the lilling in of the scouring-liquid they will assume such aposition as to ensure any hollow vessels lodged in the tank to becompletely filled with the said liquid so that they w1ll contain novacant airspaces. To this end the bottom may be rocked by any approvedmeans; the method most suitable which w1ll require no parts of a gearingto project through the wall portions of the device, will be the one inwhich the said movement is effected by the intervention of a oat.

WLhere hollow bodies require to be treated in the case of which it willnot matter whether the outer surface thereof be slightly damaged or not,i. e., if bodies which, for example are to be subsequently, tin-coated,j apanned or enamelled, it will prove more expedient lto place them in adrum suspended in the scouring tank which is put in rotation after thescouring-liquid has been introduced into the tank and again after thislatter has been drawn off on the conclusion of the scouring operation inorder to lirst completely submerge the articles to be scoured in thesaid liquid and then just as completely to ensure the flowing oil'thereof.

In the case of small works, where only a comparatively slight number ofparts are required to be scoured, or in cases where only a limitedspaceis available so that large size installations cannot be made use of, aspecial form of construction will preferably be employed in the case ofwhich the scour-4 ing-tank and the collector are so arranged as to beable to execute a movement in the vertical direction relatively to eachother, in order to enable the scouring-liquid to flow from the onereceptacle into the other without the intervention of a. pump, or thelike.

Several embodiments of the subject matter of my invention are shown bway of example in the drawings annexedytothis specication and forming apart thereof, and in which l Fig. l is a diagrammatic view of the oneembodiment of my invention,

Fig. 2 a section through the scouring-tank according to line 2 2 of Fig.1,

Fig. 3 is a view partly in vertical section of a modified form ofconstruction thereof Fig. 4 a view partly in vertical section o a secondmodification of a scouring tank suitable for scouring hollow vessels,

Fig. 5 a cross-section through the structureaccording to line 5 5 ofFig. 4,

Figs. 6 and 7 views of two dill'erent means for suspending the hollowvessels to be scoured in the scouring-tank,

Fig.' 8 a view partly in vertical section of a modified form ofconstruction of a scourin -tank suitable for scouring hollow artic es,

Fig. 9 a similar modiiication,

Fig. l0 is a sectional view according to l1ne1010 of Fig. 9,

Fig. 11 a view partly in vertical section view to Fig. 8 of a second .ofan installation suitable for smallworks or where the space available isconfined, and

lgs. 12 and 13 views illustrating two additional means for setting thecollector accordlng to the construction shown in Fig. 11 in motion.

Referring to the drawings. In Fig. l the reference numeral 1 denotes acollector or receiver for the scouring-liquid which may be of anyappropriate kind. Below the collector there is arranged a space 2 inwhich provided a heating device 3. The scourlng-liquid is conducted fromthe collector by means of a pump 4, operated by a lever 5, through apipe 7 controlled by a 'valve G into the scouring-tank 8. The'saidliquid rises in the scouring-tank and in so doing scours the articles orvessels contained therein, and after having risen to a sufficient extentreturns through the overflow branch t) into the collector 1. r

yThe scouring operation having terminated, the scouring tank is drainedby means of a pipe 21 adapted to be closed by a valve 10, the liquidthusdrawn oil' flowing back into the collector. Above the collector there isarranged a condenser receiver 11. A pipe 12 extending from thescouring-tank serves to conduct the vapours developed in said tank intothis receiver 11. A pipe 13 controlled by a valve 14 is provided for thepurpose of conducting the liquid condensed in the receiver 11 back intothe collector.

The repeated utilization of the liquid contained in the collector 1gradually causes said liquid to be filled with grease and otherimpurities. For the purpose of removing llU maar

a' mpur'iea at uqna aferra opening the valve v'15 and cl the valve liedvapours thereupon ascendztu'g the -pilpe "22 into thecondenser-'iver 11,

w ere they are condensed and then-*tlcw l Y back, in the manneraforesaid into the eollector 1, while the i rities remain behind in thestill and are subee uently drawn otf in turn by fme of a aincock, notshown in the, drawing.

The bottom 17 of the scouring tank 1s referably constructed so as toconstitute a ouble-bottom, while being vat the same time connected to acooling-water supply pipe 18. Asy soon as the scourin liqui has beendrawn od at the end of t e scouring operation, the bottom 17 isthoroughly cooled by the opening of cooling-water supply pipe, as aresult the portions of the scourm -liquid still present on the hotsurfaces of t articles scoured evaporate quickly, and the vapours whichfail to pass od' through the pipe 12 rapidly settle on the bottom 17 nowcooled as aforesaid, so that the articles scoured, dry rapidly and maybe removed from the scouring-tank in a perfectl dry state, while no lossof scouring-liqui will have taken place. l

The scouring-tank 8 may be divided by means of a fa se bottom 20into'two: parte, and in-addition may be providedwith a detachable cover19 to facilitate the putting in and taking out of the articles to bescoured.

These latter are placed on the false bottom 20 through which thescouring liquid can pass. The pipe 7 terminates underneath the bottom 20and this, as disclosed'by Fig. 2 in a tangential direction, so that theliquid will encounter a very small resistance as it ilows into the tankand therefore is directly put in circulation. The tank gradually iills,the liquid in due course covering the articles or vessels to be scoureduntil it has finally mounted so high that it comes to at- N tain theoverflow branch 9 through which it eventually flows back into thecollector 1. The advantages secured by this arrangement are that fresh,hot scouring liquid is continuously umped out of the collector into thescouring tank and brought into intimate contact with the articles to bescoured; that the said liquid is kept in constant circulationin thetank, and, that from the very outset there is produced a strong motioneven before the scouring-liquid has reached the articles to be scoured.If, for instance, the pipe 7 were arranged above the false bottom 20,then the liquid in entering would encounter the metal articles carriedby said bottom and would thus be prevented from properly circulating. lnaddition, since the space beneath the false bottom 20 would still beunoccupied, the

an other impuwould initially fall on enteri the l` whe 1- itscirculation wdbe init- 0n 'te contry,by ente i from o the false bottom2U, the liuia www with no ma le whver w may at once dart circulat.

liquid ln the event et t articles to be d not only i; asy.v or oily, butin addition wcovered with dust, in particular 5 such as is caused bygrinding, then it will be found preferable to employ a scouring-tankcowructed on the lines laid down by li? 3. ln this modified form etconstruction tere 1s arranfged on the bottom ci the scouringtank a.cot-step bearing 23 within which a ein 2t is adapted to move. This pin2t is fl" ed to a perforated disk or a cross or starshaped member 25,rovided with upwardly extending guide rods 26 or thev like. The members25, 26 practically term a trame into which circular sieves 27 ycontaining the articles to be scoured, may be inserted from ve.Thesesieves are constructed in the customary manner, and are providedwith handles, abut-ments, or the like 28 arranged 1n' such a manner thatthe sieve ,which dll) happens to be on the top for the time being Y willcome to rest on the handles or the like 2 8 ofthe sieveimmediatelyunderneath, and will thus be ke t at a pro r distance therefrom. After te sievcs 27 ave been inserted, there is placed a star or cross-shape'cover 29, provided with a pin 30 projecting beyond the cover 19 of thescouring tank. This last-named pin is suitably packed in any appropriatemanner to minimize any possible loss of the scouringl1qu1d. In thisconnection it will be found expedient to arran e on the one side of thecover 19 a funnel-s aped enlargement 31 to' enablepthe said cover to beeasily itted upon the pin 30. This latter is provided at its unsupportedend with a square-shaped head 32, or the like, adapted to accommodate ahandle or crank 33. Y

By suitably rotating this crank, the entire frame along with the sevescontained therein may be revolved whereb a powerful motion is provokedrelatively;7 to the liquid. The crank 33 may, as preferred, be eitherconstantly turned in one direction, or it may be alternately rocked toand fro, or else, after the liquid has been put in rotation, it may besuddenly stopped, and the like. lnstead4 of turning the crank by hand,it may of course, also be rotated by mechanical means, and in the likewa instead cfa rotator motion, a vertica motion in the axial recti0n, ora combinatian of both motions, such as, say a helical motion, may beemployed. The point of essential importance for the 'invention is onlythat by reason of movable arrangement of the frame supporting thearticles to be scoured there shall always be provoked a strong currentinterperforate plate or else a media-te the said articles and thescouring liquid.

A feature characterizing, the invention resides in the fact of thescouring liquid not beirlg heated in the scouring-tank, but in thecollector. In those cases, however, where the liquid is heated by meansof steam or steam coils, the heating contrivance may,of course, also bearranged in the scouringtauk proper, because in such a lcontingencythere will be no liability of the bottom of the tank being heated to anyexcessive deree. g The devices disclosed in Figs. 4 to 10 serve for thescouring and ungreasing of hollow vessels or the like. In connectionherewith the scouring tank 8 is provided with a special air-vent pipingin order to draw off the air from the said hollow vessels. To this endthere may be provided, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, say, for example,annular pipes 34, 35, 36, etc., which are preferably disposedconcentrically to each other and which may be interconnected to form asystem by aid of connection pipes 37. The whole system is lodged at anincline,

-there being provided a discharge pipe 39 at the lowermost. pointthereof extending through the scouring tank to the exterior and thereterminating in a collector 40. This latter communicates with thedischarge pipe 38 by intervention of a pipe adapted for its part to beshut by a cock 41. To the uppermost point of the system ofconcentrically disposed pipes there is connected a pipe 42 extendingvertically upwards which either terminateswithin the scouring tank abovethe overflow pipe 9, or else may also be conducted out of the tank intothe exterior. .On the pipes 34, 35, 36 are mounted at suitable distancesapart pipes 43 extending verti-A cally upward which terminate at thesame height and on which the articles 44 to be scoured are placed upsidedown. If now the scouring liquid be admitted through the pipe 7, then itwill gradually ascend within the .scouring-tank. By these means air bcomes to be imprisoned in the articles or vessels 44. As the liquidcontinues to mount the air thus `imprisoned may be drawn oilz by thepipe 43 terminating within the vessels 44 and conducted downward intothe corresponding annular pipe, and thence through pipe 42 so that nowthe liquid may rise in the said vessel as far as the bottom thereof,whereby a thorough scouring is effected.

Again, if it be desired to scour broad articles, such, for instance, asbread-baskets 48, or the like, then it will be found exedient to ixsupports 45 on the pipes 43 y means of clamps, or the like, whichsupports may be of wire, or the like, and which will serve to maintainthe said articles in a proper horizontal position.

y splurting,

.In a modified form of execution the rigid pipes 43 are replaced byiexible hose or tubes 46 connected tothe annular pipes 34, 35, 36 atsuitable points thereof, stationary standards 47 being erected on theperforated bottom 20 of the scouring tank, on the upper ends of whichthere is arranged a suitable contrivance for scouring thehose or tubes46, say, for example, a hook or a double guide, or the like. It isunderstood, that the said standards 47 must all be of equal height. Theadvantage of this arrangement over and above that of rigidly fixed pipes43, resides in the fact that the standards 47 may be disposed within thescouring tank according to requirement and that they consequently mayserve to scour hollow bodies of divers sizes and utilizing the spaceavailable to best advantage.

As soon as the scouring liquid has mounted beyond the articles to bescoured, the pipes 43 and 47 respectively, and therewith also theannular pipes, begin to be filled with the liquid, as a result, in orderto get the tank ready for a fresh scouring operation, the liquid must beprimarily drawn oil' again from the said pipes. This is done after thescouring liquid has been allowed to run olf in the customary manner, byopening the cock 41 so that the liquid contained in the aforementionedpipes may now flow into the discharge pipe 38. The collector 40 isarranged for the purpose of receiving any remains of the liquid whichmay still happen to be in the pipes, as also such liquids which may havecollected while the tank was being filled say, for instance, by bycondensing of any vapours present, or the like.

This arrangement embodies the advantage that the interior of the vesselto be scoured is bound to be thoroughly cleansed, and this without thesaid vessel beino; with its outer surface brought intoany contactwhatsoever with any sieves or the like, whereby the possibility of theexterior of the vessel eing in any way scratched is entirely obviated.It will be found that by means of this modified arrangement, vessels maybe satisfactorily scoured, the interior of which is decorated withornaments, such, for example, as bread baskets, or the like, since thedirt may be readily removed from such ornamental parts by turning thevessel face downwards. In such a case, as shown at 48 in Fig. 4 a basketso decorated is placed upside down on the respective air-vent-pipe orthe standard 47, and then treated as hereinbefore specified, the resultsobtained being the best imaginable.

It is obvious that in the place of arranging the pipes in a circle, anyother arrangement whatsoever may be resorted to; as a rule this willdepend upon the shape of the articles to be scoured; for the majority ofmeneer the scouring liquid let in, but they were lifted u and beganv tofloat about in the tank. nd only after the entire tank was filled withthe scouring liquid were they completely immerged therein. Besides,while ioating about, the parts frequently rubbed against each othercausing their surfaces to be damaged. All this cannot occur whenemploying the improved scouring tank constructed' lin accordance with myinvention,

because in no case are the articles or vessels.

to be .scoured liable to float about in the tank.

In the forms of construction illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, the system ofpipes according to Figs. 4 and 5 is omitted. In the place of thissystem, there is provided for erc'h hollow vessel 44 requiring to bescoured an approximately U-shaped pipe 50, one limb of which is somewhatlonger than the other. The vessel 44 is tilted on the shorter limb,while the longer limb projects beyond the level of the scouring liquid.By these means, the air is free to esca e from the said vessel as thescouring liquid enters. The pipes 50 are suspended to crossrods 51, orthe like, and they may, to this end be fitted out with hooks or similarcontrivances, or

. scoured are intended to be placed, are adapted to rock about axes 55.The said axes are lodged beyond the centre of the tank so that thereforethe said bottoms tend to swin around their axes in the direction denoteby the arrow. The bottoms 53 are preferably provided with recesses orapertures serving to retain the hollow vessels 54 about to be scoured inthe proper position. As shown in the drawing, the salcl articles arelaid flat on the bottom. While the tank is as yet empty, the bottomsassume the inclined position marked in full lines in the drawing, theirright hand side being now the heavier and therefore sinking downwards. Aoat 56 is xed to the heavier side of the bottoms. If now the scouringliquid is caused to How into the tank through the pipe 7, then, owing tothe' provision of the float 56, the bottous begin to turn in a sensecounter to that denoted by the arrow and finally come to assume' aposition in which their left hand section bears down on steps orabutments 57. The bottoms being 'in this position, the hollow vessels tobe 'scoured will for their part be so disposed as to enable them to fillthemselves completely with the scouring-liquid,

so that they will contain no interveningl spaces filled with air. Afterthe scouring operatlon has terminated, the scouring liquid is drawn ofi'again; the float will consequently now sink until when the liquid hasbeen entirely drained `off the Abottoms again assume the ositionsindicated in full lines and 1n which the vessels are so disposed as tocause their entire contents to now run out.

While the drawing discloses two bottoms 53, 1t is obvious,that,ifpreferred, more than two such oscillatingbottoms may be arranged, theone above the other; or even only one. Besides, the bottoms may bearranged to be exchangeable, in that, for instance, the axes '54 areadapted to be drawn out, or by the said axes being lodged in bearingsopen on top, or by similar means, and this for the purpose of being ableto use each time bottoms the recesses or openings in which are disposedin conformity with the varyin shapes of the hollow vessels to be scoureThe bottoms themselves are preferably made of a material which will notbe liable to injure the metal vessels about to be sloured; brass,copper, aluminum will be found to be the metals most suitable for thispurpose; in addition, however, the bottoms may be covered with a thinlayer of a soft material to act as a protection.

The stops or abutments 57, as also any additional stops 58 which maypossibly be provided in order to limit the rotation of thebottoms in thedirection denoted by the arrow, may for its part be arranged to beadjustable for the purpose of rendering it possible to regulate the.terminal positions of the bottoms in conformity with the shapes of thehollow vessels to be scoured.

A main feature of my invention resides in the fact thats-and this ismost essentialon completion of the scouring operation all thescouring-liquid is withdrawn from' the scouring tank and that thus noresidues of scouring liquid or of objectionable gases will enter intothe workshop. To this end it is necessary that the bottom, after thescouring operation has terminated, shall assume the position indicatedin full lines in the drawlng; it is of less importance that the interiorof 'the hollow vessels shall be always completely filled with thescouring liquid since the liquid will always develop vapours liti Iwhich will effect the scouring ofany minor parts in the interior of thehollow vessels to which no liquid has penetrated. For this reason therewill be secured in certain cases a fairly suflicient scourin even if thefinal position of the bottom, a r the liquid has been filled in, be notat an incline, but, horizontal or, it may be, even slightly inclined inthe opposite direction.

Where hollow vessels enter into consideration, in the case of which itwill not much matter whether `the external surface thereof be slightlyinjured in the scouring or not, i. e. vessels which are subsequently tobe either tin coated, japanned, or enameled, then it will be foundpreferable to em loy the more simple arrangement disclosed in Figs. 9and 10. In the construction here shown, there is arranged a drum 60 inthe scouring tank 59, which drum is provided in the known manner with anopenmg adapted to be closed, and through which the articles or parts tobe scoured are inserted. This is preferably done before the drum itselfis placed in the tank. After that the drum is shut, the cover 61 of thetank removed, and the drum inserted.

To facilitate this, the tank is provided on one side with a bearing 62,having a slot, into which the drum is fit-ted by aid of a pin 63. On theopposite side of the tank is arranged a hand wheel or the like, 64, theshaft of which is adapted to engage the shaft 65 of drum 60 by means ofa square-headed member, so that by rotating the hand-wheel 64 the drumwill be revolved.

After the drum containing the vessels or parts to be scoured has beeninserted in the tank, this latter is closed by means of the cover 61,whereupon the duly heated scouring-liquid is pumped into the tank by thepump. Now the drum is set in rotation, lthe articles or parts in thedrum being thereby so jumbled together that reven hollow vessels amongthem will come to be so diversely positioned that every part of theirsurfaces will be brought in contact with the liquid. Thescouring-operation being completed, the scouring liquid is dischargedthrough the pipe 66 into the collector, the drum continuing to berotated meanwhile so that all the remains of the liquid which may bestill happen to be in any hollow parts or vessels, will e withdrawntherefrom and enabled to run 0ut.` It is understood that the drum isconstructed in the manner of a sieve or provided with apertures tofacilitate the entry and exit of the scouring liquid.

Finally, Figs. 11 to 13 disclose an installation, specially suitable forsmall works or such where only a limited space is available. In thismodified form of execution 67 delnotes the scouring-tank, the interiorof which may be arranged in any appropriate manner to accommodate thearticles to be scoured. In this case, elther the bottomalone, or elsethe entire tank 67 is doublewalled in order to allow of a suitablecooling. The cooling water is admitted at 68 intermediate the doublewalls of the tank and flows out again at. 69. The tank 67 is shown asbeing arranged stationary on a board, or the like 70. In thisconstruction the collector. 71 for the liquid is movably arranged,being, for example, suspended by a rope 72 running across rollers 73, 74and supporting a counter-weight 80. Below the collector 1s arranged aheating contrivance 75, which is either stationaryor else adapted to beraised and lowered with the collector 71.

Collector and scouring-tank are interconnected by two flexible pipings76, 79. The pipe 76 terminates in the tank, close to the bottom thereof,whereas at the collector end it terminates somewhat above the bottom ofthis latter. The closure of this pipe is effected by means of cocks 77,78; however, in many cases, one such cock may alone be deemedsufficient. The other pipe 79 terminates close to the cover of bothreceptacles; here, too, there may be provided a cock 90 to effect theclosure of said pipe, though this is not absolutely essential for theefficient working of the device. To conclude, the collector 71 is fittedout with a cock 81, for the 'discharge of deposits.

The manner of operation of the device is Y as follows: When the scouringoperation starts, the tank 67 is empty. Now, the cover 82 thereof isremoved and the articles to be scoured are placed in the tank, whereuponthe cover is replaced, and, after the cocks 77, 78 have been opened, thecollector 71 is raised to such an extent that the scouringliquid mayreadily How from said collector through the pipe 76 into thescouring-tank 67. During this operation, the cock must, of course, beopen in order that in the same degree as the liquid passes from thecollector 71 into the tank 67, the air will be enabled to escape out ofthis latter through the pipe 79 into the collector 71. As soon as thescouring operation has terminated the collector 71 is lowered to such anextent again that now the entire liquid will be'able to return to itfrom the. tank. Hereupon this latter is cooled in the manner describedso that any vapours still present may settle in the form ofscouring-liquid; then, say after the cocks 77 78 have been closed thecover 82 is again removed and the articles scoured are taken out.

The purifying of .the scouring-liquid. which has been gradually filledwith greasy matter and other impurities, is carried out in the followingmanner: After the cock 77 has been closed, the collector is raised andthe liquid contained therein is boiled. The vapours developedcock 90being open- CII flow through pipe 79 intolthe tank 67 into which theyare admitted by the intervention of a detachable steam distributing pipe83, where they finally settle in the shape of the :urified liquid. Theentire liquid contained 1n the collector having been Veva orated in thisway, the residues of oil or ot er deposits remaining behind aredischarged by aidof cock 81.

The device for raising and lowering the collector 71 may be of anyapproved kind. In the place of the suspension-arrangement by means of arope, and as shown in Fig. 1-1, a contrivance of the kind illustrated byway of example in Fig. 12 may be employed, according to which thecollector 71 is fixed to a two-armed lever 84 adapted to rock about anaxis 85 lodged in a stationary support 86. The unattached arm of thislever constitutesl a handle 87 and in addition supports a counterweight88 which latter is preferably adjustable and serves to counterbalancethe Weight of the collector 71.

By raising or lowering the handle 87, the collector 71 in thisconstruction comes to be raised or lowered in its turn.

It is obvious, that if deemed more feasible the arrangement may bereversed, and the collector 71 be adapted to be stationary and the tank6.7 to be raised and lowered; or else, both these receptacles may bearranged to move by their being mounted as shown, for example, in Fig.13, on a linked quadrilateral 89 adapted to oscillate on the knifeedges91. The chief point herein is only that the two receptacles shall beenabled to carry out a lifting and lowering motion rela-- tively to eachother and therewith avoid the necessity of arranging a special pump.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of myinvention, what I claim is:

1. A metal scouring and ungreasing de- A vice of the type describedcomprising in combination, a collector ada ted to contain the scouringliquid; a close scouring tank to receive the articles to be scoured; acondenser; means for heating the scouring liquid; means for conductingthe liquid from the collector to the scouring tank, and vice versa; apipe for conducting the vapours existing in the tank to the condenser;and a valve-controlled pipe connecting said condenser and collector.

2. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type describedcomprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scouringliquid; a closed scouring tank to receive the articles to be scoured; acondenser; means for heating the scouring liquid; means for conductingthe liquid from the collector to the scouring tank, and vice versa;means for effecting the distillation of the used scouring liquid; meansfor conduct'.- ing the liquid into the still; a pipe for conducting thevapours evolved within the still to the condenser; and a pipe connectingsaid condenser and collector.

3. A metal'scouring and ungreasing device of the type describedcomprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scourinliquid; a closed scouring tank to receive t e articles to be scoured;means for heating the scouring liquid; a condenser; a st1ll means foralternately conducting the scouring liquid from the collector into thescouring tank and the still; a ipe for conducting the vapours evolvedwithin the still tothe condenser; and a pipe connecting said condenserand collector.

.4. In a metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, aclosed scouring tank receiving the articles to be scoured; an inlet andan outlet for the scouring liquid; and cooling means suitable to be putinto action after the scouring liquid has been drawn oil in order toeii'ect condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank whichhave been developed by the evaporation of the liquid-particles adheringto the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

5. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type describedcomprising in combination, a closed scouring tank for receiving thearticles to be scoured; an inlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid;and cooling means adapted to cool a part of the scouring tank after thescouring liquid has been drawn 0H in ordervto produce a condensation ofany vapours rising from the scouring tank which have been developed bythe evaporation of the liquid particles adhering to the hot scouringtank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

6. In a metal scouring andungreasing device of the type described, aclosed scouring tank having a space adapted to receive the articles tobe scoured, and a lower discharge space for the scouring-liquid.

7. In a metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, aclosed scouring tank having a space adapted to receive the articles tobe scoured, anda lower discharge space for the scouring liquid; and aforaminous shelf for separating the discharge space from the articlereceiving space.

8. In a metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, aclosed scouring tank having a space adapted to receive the articles tobe scoured and a lower discharge space for the scouringI liquid; andmeans for introducing the scouring liquid into thesaid lower space in atangential direction.

10.A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the ty e described comrising in combination a dloscd scouring tan adapted to receive thearticles to be scoured; an 1nlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid;a collector; means whereby the scouring liquid may continue to flow fromythe vcollectoi` into thetank during the whole scourin operation; and anoverflow i `provided near the upper end of the ta t ugh which the excessliquid flows continuously back into the collector. v

11. AA metal scouring and ungreasiiig d e' vice ofthe type describedcomprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scouringliquid; a closed scourmtankto receive the articles to be scoured; aeating ap aratus adapted to heat the 4scouring liquid) within thecollector; means for permit# ting the hot' scouring liquid to continuetollow from the collector into the tank duringv the whole scouringoperation; and an overprovided near the upper end of ilow pi the tankethrough which the excess hquid is continuously led back to thecollector. Y

12. Ametal scouring and ungreasingvdevice of the type describedcomprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scouringliquid; a closed scouring tank having an .upper space for accommodatingthe articles to be scoured and a lower discharge space for the scouringliquid; a heating apparatus to heat the scouring liquid within thecollector; and means for intro- 'ducing the hot scouring liquid into thesaid lower space in a tan ntial direction.

13. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described,comprising in combination, a collector ada ted to contain the scourinliquid; a close scouring tank to receive t e articles to be scoured;means for heating the scouring liquid within the collector; means forconducting the hot scouring liquid lfrom the collector to the scouringtank and vice versa; and coolingr means adapted to cool a part of thescouring tank after the scouring liquid has been drawn off in order toeffect a condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank whichhave been developed by the evaporation of the liquid particles adheringto the hot scourin tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

14. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type describedcomprising in combination, a closed scouring tank having an inlet and anoutlet for the scouring liquid; a frame disposed within the tank andadapted to support the articles to be scoured, said frame being arrangedmovable relatively to the scourinxgktank and scouring liquid* Awithinthe ta and cooling means adapted to cool a part of the scouring'tankafter 'the scourin oiin order to e ect a condensation of an vapoursrising 'from the scouring tank whic have been developed by theevaporation of the liquid articles adhering to the hot scouring tan andhot surfaces ofthe scoured articles.

15.4 A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the t e describedcomprising in combination a c osed scouring tank having an inlet al1v anoutlet for the scouring liquid; a frame disposed within the `tankandadapted to support the articles to be scoured, said `frame` beingarranged so as to rotate about its axis and cooling means adapted tocool -a part of the scourin tank after the scourin liquid has been, awnof in order to e ect a condensation of any vapours rising from thescouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquidparticles adhering to the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of thescoured articles.

' 16. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type describedcomprising in combination, a closed scouring tank having an inlet and anoutlet for the scouring liquid; a frame disposed within the tank andadapted to support platforms of foraminous material adapted to containthe articles to be secured said frame being arranged'movable relativelyto the scouring tank and scouring liquid within the tank and coolingmeans ada ted to cool a part of the scouring tank a r the scouringliquid has been drawn oi in order to eiect a condensation of any va ursrising from the' scouring tank whicliiohav'e been, developed by the evaeration of the liquid particles adhering to t e hot scouring tank andhot surfaces of the scoured articles..

17. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type describedcomprising in combination, a closed scouring tank having an inlet and anoutlet for the scouring liquid; a drum adapted to receive hollowarticles to be scoured, to be inserted in the scourin tank; means forrotating the drum while t e scouring liquid flows into the scouring tankand after the latter has been drawn oif and cooling means adapted tocool a part of the scourin tank after the scourin liquid has been girawnoff in order to e ect a condensation of any vapours rising from thescouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquidparticles adhering to the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of thescoured articles.

In testimony whereof I have aixed my signature.

MAX HELLER.

liquid has vbeen drawn

